Hydrogen Powered vehicles

It's trending now a days that automotive industry step forward to the comfortable & bright future. On which some things included like New inventions that gives automobile industry an unique evolution.Hydrogen generator is one of them. I'll discuss briefly about cons, application, theory, etc.

The working of Hydrogen generator is just upon electrolysis process. when water is passed through reverse osmosis ( RO ) process it cleans all the germs to make it more purify. But still some needed for the good conductor of electricity. even after some still remains in pure water, they can't removed by simple process.

 

On the practical  basis we can't store hydrogen gas in dry & hot area for long time. As we all know that is highly explosive all the time so, be aware of it. On the other hand there are some safety steps for preventing hydrogen leakage. With the use of simple iron ROAD the electrolysis is done. There are few steps that you can made it at home. The more numbers of plates t
here more effectively electrolysis happened. So bring any rectangular pieces of steel Or iron. make holes at each corner and rivet them with plastic seals & long bolt. Make sure it is tight with right nut.

now, joint two wires to in two corners & connect terminals to the battery. With a proper vessel pour it with water. Joint the wire ends with  batteries 2V, 6V or 12V. all work best. Some videos also there for homemade HHO generator which is economic & best.

Put Hydrogen gas pipe into inlet manifold so when acceleration is given some part of hydrogen gas is directly given from HHO generator chamber. So, directly hydrogen gas is fed into cylinder chamber & it uses hydrogen gas as fuel into vehicle. This all mechanism doesn't require any big space for fit. Just a bit small space which is usually  found on any vehicle even in bikes also.

Why batteries are more powerful than Gasoline ?

It's trending now a days that automotive vehicles is propelled by Batteries than gasoline fuel. There are many clear advantages of use batteries. some are listed below..

• One time investment
• More economic than gasoline
• Turbo Charger that helps to charge batteries in few minutes
• Charging station is available at may points which are few miles away from each other.
• it provides more comfortable space

One time investment

it is face that most of batteries are costlier. the main reason is that the materials used in batteries. It's Lithium Ion. Which is more costlier than other materials. So its obvious thing that the manufacturing cost is higher of batteries.

economic than gasoline

Now a days  except the Gulf countries gasoline prices are hiked much and much. import and export charges added to its value extra. So it will be difficul to anyone that beat this kind of Mony exchange programme with transportation. On the other hand Batteries are easy to charge with any kind of power sources. Like Renewable  as Solar ., Wind etc. As well as it is more economica than gasoline.

Turbo Charger that helps to charge batteries in few minutes

Recently Tesla invented fastest method to charging batteries. With the use of high Current with supportive cunductors it is possible to charge your batteries in just few minutes. When Turbo charging was invented then it become possible. It's benn used in many appliances like mobile phones to Charge batteries in few minutes.

Charging stations

Cad manufacturers already know the capacity of any batteries that how much it can hold power to propell the engine. So that values make important decision. All bt all these calculations station points will be decided. So that customer wil never feel and problematic situation in any places. Generally Outside of india charging stations are available at Hotels , restaurant, toll bar etc.

 more comfortable space

If we use conventional methid to propell vehicle by engine, it required more space to handle this all messy things. On the other hand Batterues and individual motors only used for main propelling unit. So it provides more comfortable space than other vehicles.

overall,
Batterie powered vehicles don't pollutants tge environment. This is most important topic that has more weights than  gasoline. The servicing cost of gasoline engine is too higher than batteries. There is only things that have to change in batterie powered vehicle that to change Wheels and tyres. No any other maintanace cost. that  is tye big point that these all vehicles make unique impression in market to make more clean environment.

Facts about Tesla and it's gigafactory you should know..!!!

These are some fun facts about Tesla Motors you should know about it

1. Tesla motor was't the first to share it's patents. Nicola Tesla the scientist invents AC Appliances  and sold them less than 2% of their value 
2. Tesla motor's is the second oldest among american automaker behind the ford. some how some other companies were not listed as publicly.
3. Tesla Model S is the first car that receive Motortrend's car of the year award. It's like unforgettable moment for Elon Musk.
4. only 23% of Tesla's Stock owns by Elon Musk.
5. Tesla was founded by Martin Eberhard and Mark Tarpenning NOT by ELON MUSK.
6. Tesla is huge,but not so huge as compared to companies such as FIAT, SUZUKI or ISUZU.
7. Tesla bets $ 5 billion only on growth to make batteries for 500000 vehicles .
8. After these all successful year for Tesla but there are only 52 showroom in US and canada,
9. There are only six parts needed to change for regular maintenance of Tesla model. It includes only four tires and two wipers. LOL,
10. Tesla is the most shorted stock in Market.

It's worldwide vision of Tesla that will come true in short time that to provide Renewable energy source to the world by the means of solar, Wind OR any other.

This vision is becoming true only because of this Tesla's Gigafactory.


Tesla is one of the famous electric vehicle manufacturer all over the world. So they trying to bring huge amount of electricity among the world to use these electricity to charge electric vehicles. This may be distributed wide on country like as at tool booth, Motel's on highways, long routs between two cities. so it will be beneficial for customer as well as for Tesla. It will make a user friendly environment so people able to use these all facility easily.

Actually among all the car manufactures of Automobile Tesla is the one which consumes a huge amount of Lithium-ion batteries. so this giant factory helps to provide enough battery supply to whole world. The construction works starts at 2014 and planned to complete it before 2017. As planned they wanted to make full range of production within the factory before 2020. The ultimate goal is to increase the production of batteries of lithium-ion  compared to production in the year of 2013.

To make this vision come true Panasonic helps Tesla on this mission. By the use of innovative technologies invented by Panasonic. They also uses reduction of waste strategy on a big economic scale to achieve destination. Significantly use less manufacturing cost on economic scale with the simple optimization of processing unit. They also uses the renewable energy sources to make total energy inventory of zero level.



Same as the name of giant factory comes with the production rate of factory 35GWh. like as giga watt represent the billions. One GWh is equivalent as the generating one billion watts for one hour.

Upcoming super cars of 2017 and 2018

It's so much interesting thing that car manufacturers from all over the world takes a forward step to make world more closer with the new inventions of automotive technologies. As taking this point in current generation super car is not just enough but if we using hyper car it'll be batter for it.
some cars like this will be available in market as soon as possible such as..

Aston Martin Red Bull hypercar

The car has been announced as a collaboration between Aston Martin and the Red Bull F-1 racing team. It’s expected to have a $3 million price tag and be available as a limited edition. It will go on sale in the year of 2017.

Aston Martin Rapide

The four-door Rapide gets a plug-in electric motor next year.

Ferrari GTC4Lusso

When it decided to freshen its FF four-seat grand tourer, Ferrari renamed it the GTC4Lusso. Rear-wheel steering was added to boost the appeal of a model launched five years ago as a practical ultraluxury sports car aimed at wealthy families. The GTC4Lusso will arrive in U.S. this fall, starting at approximately $300,0000. Along with a more powerful engine and exterior design tweaks aimed at giving it a more streamlined look, Ferrari has integrated the rear-wheel steering into the GTC4Lusso’s four-wheel-drive system to improve high-speed stability and cornering maneuverability. The model has the same 6.3-liter V-12 engine as the FF, but horsepower has been increased by 30 hp to 680 hp.

Aston Martin DBX

The crossover is expected to go on sale in 2020, initially as a plug-in hybrid, followed by gasoline- and electric-powered models. The DBX will be built in a new factory in Wales; several thousand units will be built annually.

Aston Martin Lagonda

The sedan will move upmarket as the most expensive production Aston Martin four-door when it is redesigned in 2020 or 2021. It is expected to use a version of the DB11 platform. Aston Martin is aiming at Rolls-Royce with the Lagonda, but with a more performance-oriented vehicle. The Lagonda also may be assembled in the new Wales factory. 

Aston Martin Vantage

The redesigned coupe and convertible are expected next year. The engine will be a twin-turbocharged, 4.0-liter V-8 from Mercedes-Benz’s AMG high-performance arm. The Vantage is expected to have styling similar to the larger DB11.

Aston Martin DB11

A Volante, Aston’s designation for convertible, is expected in 2017.

Bentley Continental GTC

All three Continental models — the GT coupe, GTC convertible and Flying Spur sedan — will be redesigned and move to a Volkswagen Group platform shared with the Porsche Panamera. The redesigned GT coupe and GTC convertible are expected next year, followed by the Flying Spur sedan in 2018.

Bentley Bentayga

 A coupelike variant is being considered. There are reports that it would be smaller than the Bentayga.  

Bentley Continental Flying Spur

All three Continental models — the GT coupe, GTC convertible and Flying Spur sedan — will be redesigned and move to a Volkswagen Group platform shared with the Porsche Panamera. The redesigned GT coupe and GTC convertible are expected next year, followed by the Flying Spur sedan in 2018.

Bentley Sports car

A new two-seat coupe smaller and lower than the Continental GT is not yet approved. The sports car would be similar to the EXP 10 Speed 6 concept shown in 2015 at the Geneva auto show. If approved, it could go on sale in two years.

Bentley Mulsanne

The Mulsanne Extended Wheelbase goes on sale in the United States in the first quarter of 2017. The front end has been modified, and the Mulsanne and Mulsanne Extended Wheelbase get semiautonomous features including forward-collision warning and mitigation, adaptive cruise control and blind-spot warning, as well as improved Wi-Fi and entertainment features that allow use of Apple CarPlay and Android Auto.

Bentley Continental GT

All three Continental models — the GT coupe, GTC convertible and Flying Spur sedan — will be redesigned and move to a Volkswagen Group platform shared with the Porsche Panamera. The redesigned GT coupe and GTC convertible are expected next year, followed by the Flying Spur sedan in 2018.

Ferrari 488 GTB

 The replacement for the 458 Italia coupe arrives in the U.S. this fall, starting at $252,800. In late 2017 or early 2018, Ferrari could add the Speciale variant, which will be more powerful and lighter than the standard model, which is equipped with a new twin-turbo 3.9-liter V-8 engine delivering 661 hp.

Ferrari Dino

Ferrari still is considering adding a V-6 model that will produce 500 hp, but the new model does not yet have a fixed time frame or name. The model, dubbed Dino in Italy, refers to one of Ferrari’s most iconic names that was used on V-6 and V-8-powered entry-level models in the ’60s and ’70s.

Ferrari California T

Ferrari’s 2+2 convertible will be re-engineered in late 2017 or early 2018 and will continue to offer a twin-turbo V-8 engine.

Ferrari F12 Berlinetta

The V-12-powered two-seater will be freshened in 2017, keeping a normally aspirated engine expected to deliver over 700 hp. Last fall, Ferrari unveiled a limited-edition F12 variant called the F12TDF, as an homage to the Tour de France, a famous endurance race on public roads held in the 1950s and ’60s. The company built 799 units of the TDF, whose engine output had topped to 769 hp.

Maserati GranTurismo

Production of the current GranTurismo coupe and convertible was extended to the end of 2017, possibly early 2018. Thus a redesign of the four-seat coupe won’t go on sale before the second half of 2018.The GranTurismo convertible could be redesigned a year later.

Lamborghini Centenario

The limited-edition Centenario models will be produced and restricted to a run of 40 units — 20 coupes and 20 convertibles. The cars mark the 100-year anniversary of founder Ferruccio Lamborghini’s birth. They are based on the midengine Aventador coupe and powered by a 6.5-liter V-12 engine with horsepower upgraded to 770 from 690. The $2 million coupe goes on sale in the fourth quarter, and the $2.3 million roadster arrives in 2017.

Lamborghini Urus

Lamborghini previewed its new SUV with the Urus concept, shown in Pebble Beach, California. Lamborghini’s first crossover will go on sale in 2018. It will use the Audi Q7 platform and possibly the Huracan’s V-10 gasoline engine.

Types of control switches used in Automobile

Introduction:

There are three basic types of control switches. These are low, dual and high pressure switches. Pressure sensors and Trinary switch are also used.

Pressure switching devices : 

Low pressure switch   

Reacts to the pressure in the low side (suction side) of the system, generally the accumulator and disengages the compressor clutch if the pressure drops below approximately 1.5 bar.On an FOV system the low pressure switch and cycling switch are often the same device.

Dual pressure – high pressure switch and condenser fan switch

Two pressure-sensitive switches are contained in the high pressure switch. One of these switches acts as a safety switch to prevent excessive system pressure.The second switch switches the condenser auxiliary fan on to its second setting at approximately 20.7 bar and off again at 17.2 bar.This switching process improves the performance of the system in cases of excessive heat.

High pressure switch

A single normally closed pressure switch de-energises the compressor if excessive high pressure exists within the A/C system, approximately 30–35 bar. The switch is normally positioned in the high side of the system.

Trinary switch       

Three pressure sensitive switches are integrated into a trinary switch. A low pressure switch which creates an open circuit thus removing the current flowing to the compressor if the system pressure drops below approximately 1.4 bar. This could be caused by a refrigerant leak or natural discharge over a number of years.A high pressure switch operates at a pressure of approximately 30 bar which again removes the A/C compressor’s current in the event of a system blockage anywhere in the system.The third switch is used for high speed operation of the condenser fan aiding the removal of heat. This operates at approximately 18 bar. The switch is positioned on the high pressure side on TXV controlled systems.If FOV is used then a cycling switch is incorporated into the low side with a dual pressure switch on the high side. Modern A/C systems are replacing switches with a single pressure sensor.

 Pressure sensors   

The pressure sensor contains two metal plated ceramic discs mounted in close proximity. The disc located closest to the pressure connection is thinner and bends when subjected to pressure.By this means, capacitance between the metal plating of the discs is changed based on the pressure. A circuit integrated in the sensor converts the capacitance to an analogue voltage.

Different types of starting motors used in Automobiles

Introduction:         

This system uses a brake fluid (Preferably ethylene glycol) to transfer the pressure applied by the operator from the controlling unit to the actual brake mechanism, which is usually at or near the wheel of the vehicle. Most vehicles in India prefer to have drum brakes on rear wheels while disk brakes on the front wheels attached to the hydraulic controlling unit.

In order to produce the combustible mixture, Compression stroke and a form of ignition the minimum starting speed must be achieved. This is where the electric starter comes in. It is not possible to view the starter as an isolated component within the vehicle electrical system. The battery in particular is of prime importance. Another particularly important consideration in relation to engine starting requirements is the starting limit temperature. As temperature decreases, starter torque also decreases and the torque required cranking the engine to its minimum speed increases.

TYPES OF STARTER MOTORS:

Inertia starters   

            In all standard motor vehicle applications it is necessary to connect the starter to the engine ring gear only during the starting phase

• The inertia type of starter motor is a four-pole, four-brush machine and is used on small to medium-sized petrol engine vehicles
• It is capable of producing 9.6 Nm with a current draw of 350 A.
• It has a face-type commutator and axially aligned brush gear. 
• The fields are wave wound and are earthed to the starter yoke.
• The starter engages with the flywheel ring gear by means of a small pinion.

Working:

• When the starter is operated, via a remote relay, the armature will cause the sleeve to rotate inside the pinion.
• The pinion remains still due to its inertia and, because of the screwed sleeve rotating inside it; the pinion is moved to mesh with the ring gear.
• When the engine fires and runs under its own power, the pinion is driven faster than the armature shaft. This causes the pinion to be screwed back along the sleeve and out of engagement with the flywheel.
• In some applications the pinion tends to fall out of mesh when cranking due to the engine almost, but not quite, running.

Pre-engaged starters

• Pre-engaged starters are fitted to the majority of vehicles in use today.
• They provide a positive engagement with the ring gear, as full power is not applied until the pinion is fully in mesh.
• They prevent premature ejection as the pinion is held into mesh by the action of a solenoid.
• A one-way clutch is incorporated into the pinion to prevent the starter motor being driven by the engine.

Permanent magnet starters

• The principle of operation is similar in most respects to the conventional pre-engaged starter motor.
• The main difference is the replacement of field windings and pole shoes with high quality permanent magnets.
• The reduction in weight is in the region of 15% and the diameter of the yoke can be reduced by a similar factor.
• Permanent magnets provide constant excitation and it would be reasonable to expect the speed and torque characteristic to be constant.
• However, due to the fall in battery voltage under load and the low resistance of the armature windings, the characteristic is comparable to series wound motors.

Heavy vehicle starters

            The types of starter that are available for heavy duty applications are many and are different as the applications they serve.

• In general, higher voltages are used, which may be up to 110 V, and two starters may even run in parallel for very high power and torque requirements.
• Large road vehicles are normally 24 V and employ a wide range of starters. In some cases the design is simply a large and heavy duty version of the pre-engaged type.

Automatic transmission and Torque converter

Introduction:

A torque converter is the component that makes automatic operation possible. An automatic gearbox contains special devices that automatically provide various gear ratios as they are needed.

AUTOMATIC GEARBOXES:

• Most automatic gearboxes have three or four forward gears and one reverse gear. Instead of a gearstick, the driver moves a lever called a selector.
• Some automatic gearboxes have selector positions for park, neutral, reverse, drive, 2 and 1 (or 3, 2 and 1 in some cases).
• Some more sophisticated types with electronic control just have driven, park and reverse positions.
• The fluid flywheel or torque converter is the component that makes automatic operation possible.
• The engine will only start if the selector is in either the park or neutral position. In park, the drive shaft is locked so that the drive wheels cannot move.
• It is also now common, when the engine is running, to only be able to move the selector out of park if you are pressing the brake pedal.
• This is a very good safety feature as it prevents sudden, uncontrolled movement of the vehicle.

Fluid Flywheel principle

• A fluid flywheel consists of an impeller and turbine, which are immersed in oil.
• They transmit drive from the engine to the gearbox.
• The engine-driven impeller faces the turbine, which is connected to the gearbox.
• Each of the parts, which are bowl-shaped, contains a number of vanes.
• They are both a little like half of a hollowed out orange facing each other. When the engine is running at idle speed oil is flung from the impeller into the turbine, but not with enough force to turn the turbine.

• As engine speed increases so does the energy of the oil.

• This increasing force begins to move the turbine and hence the vehicle.

• The oil gives up its energy to the turbine and then recirculates into the impeller at the centre, starting the cycle over again.

• As the vehicle accelerates the difference in speed between the impeller and turbine reduces until the slip is about 2%.

• A good analogy for a fluid flywheel that you can try for yourself is to place two desktop-type cooling fans facing each other. Switch one on (the impeller) and the air it blows will drive the blades of the other (the turbine).

• The torque converter delivers power from the engine to the gearbox like a basic fluid flywheel, but also increases the torque when the car begins to move.

• Similar to a fluid flywheel, the torque converter resembles a large doughnut sliced in half. One half, called the pump impeller, is bolted to the drive plate or flywheel. The other half, called the turbine, is connected to the gearbox input shaft.

Spark ignition advance Mechanism

Introduction:

            The purpose of spark advance mechanism is to assure that under every condition of engine operation, ignition takes place at the most favorable instant in time i.e. most favorable from a standpoint of engine power, fuel economy and minimum exhaust dilution. By means of these mechanisms the advance angle is accurately set so that ignition occurs before TDC point of the piston. The engine speed and the engine load are the control quantities required for the automatic adjustment of the ignition timing. Most of the engines are fitted with mechanisms which are integral with the distributor and automatically regulate the optimum spark advance to account for change of speed and load.

Ignition advance basics:

Ignition advance is the condition when ignition of fuel occurs earlier than the correct ignition timing. Ignition of mixture takes place near the end of compression stroke.If the ignition is advanced it means fuel-air mixture will burn too early before the end of compression stroke. In this case, the crank and connecting rod will have to push the piston in order to compress the gases (for completing the compression stroke). In this situation, the force applied on piston by the connecting rod in upward direction may not be able to overcome the downward force acting on piston.This downward force acting on the piston is due to enormous pressure generated by the combustion of fuel. Under this condition, the engine may stop or stall.Spark advance may also cause the fuel to explode suddenly under certain operating conditions.

TYPES OF SPARK ADVANCE:

Two automatic advance mechanisms are used for spark advance and retard in engines depending on engine speed and other operating conditions:

(a) Centrifugal spark advance mechanism.

(b) Vacuum spark advance mechanism.

Ignition timing is first set manually. After this these mechanisms are used to modify it suitably.

CENTRIFUGAL SPARK ADVANCE MECHANISM:  

This mechanism consists of two fly weights, a base plate, cam and a spring. Fly weights are also called advance weights. The base plate is fixed to the drive shaft.The fly weights are rotated by distributor drive shaft through the base plate. The weights are pivoted on the base plate and also attached to the cam with the help of springs. The cam is also joined with the distributor shaft through springs, flywheel and plate. If engine speed increases, the fly weights are displaced out radially due to centrifugal force acting on it. Movement of weights causes the ignition advance (spark advance). At low speeds there is no advance while it is full advance of very high speeds.

VACUUM ADVANCE MECHANISM:

Vacuum advance mechanism consists of a diaphragm whose movement automatically advances and retards the ignition depending upon engine speed and other operating conditions.On side of diaphragm is connected to the induction manifold and other side is connected to atmosphere. (Induction manifold is at lower pressure than atmospheric and this pressure depends upon engine speed). The diaphragm is connected to the distributor through a linkage.As engine speed increases the pressure on one side of diaphragm decreases. This change in pressure controls the movement of diaphragm which ultimately controls the ignition timings. At normal position of diaphragm the ignition timing is set at fully retarded position. As engine speed increases the ignition timings are advanced.

 

Basic of Tire Design in Automobile

Introduction:

Although tires are often taken for granted, they contribute greatly to the ride and steering quality of a vehicle. Tires contribute to directional stability of the vehicle and must absorb all the stresses of accelerating, braking, and centrifugal force in turns. Tire design varies depending on the operating conditions and the load capacity of the tire.

Tire Design  

Tire construction varies depending on the manufacturer and the type of tire. A typical modern tire contains these components:

1. Bead wire, 

2. Bead filler, 

3. Liner, 

4. Steel reinforcement in the sidewall, 

5. Sidewall with hard side compound

6. Rayon carcass plies, 

7. Steel belts, 

8. Joint less belt cover,  

9. Hard under tread compound,  

10. Hard high-grip tread compound

Tires designed for improved steering  

Tire design varies depending on the operating conditions and the load capacity of the tire.A tire designed for improved steering and handling characteristics has nylon bead reinforcement and a hard bead filler with a slim tapered profile.This type of tire is suitable for sports car operation because the design stiffens the tire and reduces tire deflection during high-speed cornering.However, this type of tire may provide slightly firmer ride quality.

The bead filler above the bead reinforces the sidewall and acts as a rim extender.Tire sidewalls are made from a blend of rubbers which absorbs shocks and impacts from road irregularities, prevents damage to the plies, and also contains antioxidants and other chemicals that are gradually released to the surface of the sidewall during the life of the tire.The cord plies surround both beads and extend around the inner surface of the tire to enable the tire to carry its load. The plies are molded into the sidewalls.Steel is the most common material in tire belts, although other belt materials such as polyester have been used to some extent.The bead filler above the bead reinforces the sidewall and acts as a rim extender.

Five amazing facts about AUDI you should know it ..!

THESE ARE THE  AMAZING FACTS ABOUT AUDI YOU SHOULD KNOW IT



5. THE NAME AUDI IS THE LATIN FOR “HEAR”

August Horch founded his first car company, A. Horch & Cie. in 1899. But just 10 years later, Horch wasn’t seeing eye-to-eye with his Chief Financial officer and left his own company to start August Horch Automobilwerke GmbH. Unfortunately, Horch soon learned the Horch name belonged to his former company when he was notified of a copyright infringement.
In response, Horch changed the new company’s name to the latin translation of his last name. In German “horch” means “hear,” which in Latin is “audi”.

4. THE FOUR RINGS IN THE LOGO REPRESENT THE FOUR COMPANIES OF AUTO UNION


Four car companies make up the Audi Company and the four-ring logo represents each one of the companies. DKW, Horsch and Wanderer are the three other companies of the “quattro”. This was also known as the Auto Union.

3. AUDI HAS BEEN CONDUCTING CRASH TESTS FOR OVER 75 YEARS


In 1938, crash tests were first carried out by Audi. These tests gave the company an idea about how the car would behave in case an accident occurred. Without realizing it, the company had set a precedent for all other car manufacturers.


2.THERE ARE 36520 STITCHES ON THE LEATHER INTERIORS OF AN AUDI A8.

It


1. THE FIRST AUDI RS MODEL WAS CO-DEVELOPED WITH PORSCHE


The RS 2 was the first of Audi’s high-end performance cars and the first of a long line of fast Audi wagons. It would have never happened without the performance expertise of Porsche.
Bodyshells from the Audi 80 estate, on which the RS 2 was based, were shipped to Porsche in Stuttgart, where they underwent a thorough transformation. The turbocharged 2.2 liter 5-cylinder was tuned by Porsche to produce 311 horsepower. Porsche also supplied the braking and suspension systems.
Thanks to its quattro all-wheel-drive, and the Porsche tuned engine, the RS2 was able to out sprint the venerable McLaren F1 to 30 mph.

What is the pressure test In Automobile ?

It is based on the machine with plumbers and gas fitters to check for leaks. In a two-stroke engine, the pressure test is performed to ensure that the engine has no air leakage. A leak or exhaust air in a two-stroke engine can cause improper air-fuel mixture in the engine, causing serious damage to the engine (piston seizure, detonation, etc).

Note: There is no way to ensure that the engine does not have an air leak without performing this test before starting the engine. So before you finish mount you can make this check and know if we have any leaks by crankshaft seals or other party and fix the problem.

How the test is performed?

For pressure testing engine, we will need some special and simple mechanisms. Cylinder, cylinder head, box blade, spark plug, etc., must be all installed and tightened correctly except the exhaust and carburetor. (unassembled also we leave the party and clutch on to have crankshaft seals in sight).

How the test is performed?

For pressure testing engine, we will need some special and simple mechanisms. (See below detail the instructions for building your own tester to perform the test pressure to test the engine. Cylinder, cylinder head, box blade, spark plug, etc., must be all installed and tightened correctly except the exhaust and carburetor.

We must make a steel plate or aluminum housing exact size of the exhaust and also manufacture a rubber gasket of the measure which is housed in the cylinder base to prevent leakage. If the engine has more than one cylinder, must cover all tailpipes with this system.

In making carburetor tester pressure will be placed. The pressure gauge shall be screwed into a piece of Teflon or other material and can be constructed to be set to enter the carburetor decision, remember that it can not leak. (It can be placed with a shot rubber clamps as if it were a more effective and simple carburetor perhaps). If the engine has more than one cylinder must plug the other shots carburetor. In some engines may be necessary to plug the vent hose transmission.

Once the gauge is 6 pounds of pressure is fixed and is expected for about 6 minutes after that time should not be lowered any pressure.

If the pressure drops, you have to moisten with soapy water seams and joints of the engine parts (crankcase crankcase, cylinder-crankcase, cylinder head, seals, spark etc. ..) where there is an air leak will bubble.If after six minutes samples no loss in pressure, pressure equipment is disassembled and continue with the motor assembly.

Construction of the pressure tester

All parts can be found in any store dedicated to the sale of materials Tyres (Compressors, Hoses for guns etc ...) and the price is small most expensive is the gauge but as low pressure is not expensive & you should make it be able to do depending on the brand gauge.

small sheet steel or aluminum to cover the escape.
Sheet rubber material for the board

Cut the sheet to fit and make bolt holes to screw into the cylinder. Do the same with the rubber seal.

Place the plate in place. Use a small amount of fat on the board to help make the final seal and tight. (If you have a useless old escape, you can take advantage of cutting the elbow as close to the cylinder, about 2 cm long, and taponarlo with a plate welded so you will be guaranteed that you will not have leaks and served in that engine to carry out all checks we want).

Pressure Tester

Materials:

PVC pipe snugly into the intake port (or the outer diameter of the intake port to attach them to a wall tight with clamps rubber personally prefer this way because a tube inside the other is easier to have and performing leakage is also simpler)

A between-threaded plastic tube 3/4 x 1 inch.

A tube fitting 03.04 (body) having the female threaded 3/8 for the manometer housing and a housing for the air valve at the other end (the valve must have backstop, a valve tire it perfectly or else buy one with the mechanical seal through a nut to remove air from the engine easier (with the valve of a tire we must have pressed the "shell" or disarm, it would be the only drawback).

A low pressure gauge air.

Teflon plumber or anaerobic sealant to seal the threads. Assemble all the elements according to the picture on the left, using thread sealant on all threaded joints.

Carburetors Vs Fuel Injector Comparision

Carburetors :

The working of the carburetors is simple. The air consumption is by the air filter and the fuel intake comes in from the fuel tank. The air and fuel merger together in a fit ratio and then passes to the combustion house for blazing and production of power.Here, when the throttle is twisted, the air float to the carburetor is reproduced which causes a swoosh of sucking force and hereafter the fuel visit from the stork is increase providing acceleration.

Fuel injection (FI):

The working of the Fuel injection program is greater computerized and works on a lot of sensors. The fuel injection nozzle is provided instantly in the combustion chamber. The air intake is measured by the air sensor location inside. There is a pressure pump which pressurizes the fuel which allows it oncoming atomized and hereafter inside the combustion house, the spray is in the form of a mist which allows for complete and cleaner combustion. The fuel supply is retiring by the ECU which is the computer controlling all the electronics of the bike. So when the air supply is reproduced when the constrain is pulled, the air sensor detects the rebound which disclosure is by the time mentioned fed to the ECU so that consequently the fuel amount to be injected is reproduced as well.

Advantages of Carburetors:

•  easy to handle and low-cost to replace.
•  rapid servicing.
• On the go tuning and decor possible can be perceived up separately without disturbing the engine.

Disadvantages of Carburetors:

• Diaphragm inside is light as a feather and can erupt which will end up to have it replaced.
• The tuning behavior needs a big screw driver and has to be done physically.
• There is a actual amount of lag in the regulation of fuel delivery.Old technology.
• The air-fuel mixture ratio is not constant.

Advantages of Fuel Injection:

• Fuel visit from the stork is optimum and fuel atomizing allows for complete combustion.
• increase in fuel efficiency and power output.
• Acceleration acerbity increases.
• The air fuel mixture can be transferred on the go using different fuel maps pre-loaded on the ECU for variable power outputs.

Disadvantages of Fuel Injection:

• Servicing of the FI party is cumbersome.
• If there is an ECU defect, the bike will stop to work.
• It costs a lot and the service and maintenance is invaluable as well.
• Producing new Fuel maps needs loads of expertise.
• Procuring new fuel maps is a costly affair.

Even mutually all the advantages and disadvantages of both, Fuel injections still have the upper hand over carburetors only because of the quicker reaction and better power produce, and further not to mention that they do help free the emission levels a lot in check. So if given a choice, always go for the FI party fitted bike, for all that do remember that it will focus a premium.

A bike with four wheels , Battery Powered Eletric Bike with amazing features "E-WAZUMA"

The bike name is E-wazuma. It's look so odd than ohter bikes that has four wheels than two. but on extra feature it look amazing, Outlook design is typical because of Engineering Methods.



There is a car manufacture basically from FRANCE, named Lazareth takes whole manufacturing franchise Near by Geneva, switzerland. This perfect designed bike is powered by 40-horsepower, 361 Pound-feet of torque

This manufacture company also famous for producing the another four wheeled bike Maserati LM 847 with the 470 horsepower, V-8 engine inside it.

There are many types of four wheeled bikes available in market but with the only feature with Internal combustion engine. So this may differ from all others. The manufacturer company says that untill now this is the only prototype that exhisted but we are going to expand it to became common road vehical in Metro city.

Currently in market there is no any compititors for main manufacture company so it will so easy to go through market sales of all products with diffferent kind of features that helps Eco friendly nature.
that's why it names E-Wazuma.

Boss Hoss The World's most powerful bike...😱

Yes, i am talking about Boss Hoss haviest bike

not as only in terms of weight but also in Power , torque, Engine CC, compression ratio, exhaust system ..

This motorcycle have Liquid cooled V-8 Engine with the power of 445 hp of horsepower and 445 Ft.lbs of torque at 4750 rpm.

As transmission system 4-speed automatic overdrive with 2.5' dual mufflers exhaust system with multi point fuel injection system.

The wheel and tyre specification of front & rear are as 130/90-16, 3.50"x16.0" , 235/60R-17, 8.0"x17.0". Simplify as The aspect ratio in % (the height of the sidewall divided by the tyre's width),
Denotes the tyre's construction type - in this case it's a radial, Rim diameter in inche, Load Index.

As in suspension system it consist of inverted forks and air ride. In Brake system at front and rear uses dual piston calibers floting disks. Tank's capicity is 8.5 Galen of gasoline.

Boss Hoss is actual American motorcycle manufacturers erlier in 90's by by Monte warne who is the founder of Boss Hoss.

The price of this triller bike is quite expensive but not same like the other bikes as $ 54 K in US.

Photos from Hoss Boss Official site.

What do you know about Lykan HyperSpot ?

You can said that Hyperspot is One of the unique and extremely perfect creation of Engineering. Lykan hyperspot is at the top in the list of most expensive cars. Tge general look of the car from inside to outside is superficial with super fashionable features make you more comfortable than any other.

Talking about other features, Exterior of Lykan is made from military grade thin material that is more reliable than conventional materials. It"'s just look like the 3D hologram picture that makes more impressive look from outside. Outer surface  is extremely tough with thick layer on the roof. These layers make a perfect impression of hyperspot that Unbreakable Car ever.

From the side view you can see the spike shapes with pointed shape and lines on it.Technically it is called "TORNEDO LINES". It is there because to perform aerodynamic function to get more speed. These shapes are designed with highly calculated aerodynamic functions. Final step of tornedo lines complete with the help of  engineering.

Small vent is provided at the bottom end of doors to get the more benefits of air passing through it. These Tornedo lines are equipped with the design that hepls to  decrease car's air resistance. So that no more consumption of power is required. From the rear view to front view each and every Tornedo lines are diffrent in shape with different functions at their positions.

You may know that headlights of Lykan is astonishing because of The LED head lamps front of it.
Titanium LED bulbs and diamonds are used for make it more dizzling. From the buyers choice and capacity number of diamonds are decided like 420 diamonds In it.

Interior of this stunning Hypercar is stiched with goldish colour. Front instrumental panel and Roof is look like holographic picture's real penetration on it. Like real application of brighter and lighter astonoshing view. Instrumental panel keeps interaction with driver's hand gesture to make better control over it.  Like media player, Rear OR front view .

Company also ables to feet gemstones and precious platinum material in cabin. Normal hykan spot is equipped with light weight carbon fiber.

The power train of Hykan spot come with twin turbo F6 engine with 708 pound feet torque ,
500 KW - 750 KW horsepower. Transmission system is either 6 speed sequential manual transmission OR 7 speed dual clutch PDK system .

Only 7 units  were produced in the market around with $ 3.4 million of each of them.
-keep thundering.

Futuristic Green Vehicles of Next generation

In the history biggest change is being happens in the TRANSPORTATION. we can clearly see that transportation models of ancient times and currently used hyper cars how they are far away from each other just like the ocean and the sky !!!

Today's topic is same as interesting as all these history and future vehicles.

Currently whole world have been moving to put self-driving essential feature in the vehicles whether it is hyper spot cars OR two wheeler sports bike.  

In other hand some researches shows the amazing engineering prototype of flying car with practical move in the sky. In the end of 2015 "SOLAR IMPULSE" named aircraft which is an experimental solar powered air craft project which was gone successfully  in 2016. So ow they will panning for launch next experimental aircraft project "SOLAR IMPULSE 2"  within few months.

In the revolution of trains few more patent ideas of tesla was remain unsuccessful  through his life. But now a days In america MOSCOW city with the higher engineering technology company are trying to make "Hyper loop Trains" for the city transportation to reduce time on it. So it will also be possible in next few years.

China recently developed the practical model of "straddling bus" concept that actually runs on the road of city of it. They make clear vision about future green environment with new technology along with vehicles. It can able to carry more than  300 person same time whether it was traffic OR not. It can run all over on the road at the height of 15 meters. so that no worry about other vehicles which were stuck on the road because of bad traffic conditions.

In 2013  The company named "Aeromobil" officially invented a beautiful integrated flying car. That may able to turn completely from automobile to airplane. The car have perfectly created infrastructure and more about it may parked in common parking lot so no worry about to make it more catchy for special parking space. Same uses the same gasoline as others so you can able to take it any where in this world. They are also on the way to make it more better the now with the carbon fiber which weights loss and more strength on it with the higher implementation of advanced wing technologies. 

Through out there were some futuristic technology that Future vehicles may run on water. So no need of gasoline as fuel. Researches showed that by the deforming of water it releases Hydrogen and oxygen.using oxygen as fuel it may become danger So by the use of "Hydrogen" as fuel it can stored to cold storage and able to supply fuel continuously by deforming of water. So no more cost of gasoline on it.

Recently TOYOTA car manufacturing company revealed "FCV CONCEPT CAR" that able to run on hydrogen fuel.

                                                                                                                   - bhargavgajjar7

Facts about Ford Mustang from 1967 to 2016

The first Mustang was introduced on 17th APR. 1967 at New York's Fair. Actually the name Mustang was suggested after the world war 2 on " MUSTANG FIGHTER PLANE"S " name.
Mustang is one of the favorite hot roadie vehicle from the invention. The special muscle look at front and side view same as horse. what about the power plant of Mustang ?

Produces 310 HP with Eco boost V 4 cylinder, 2.3 liter at 5500 RPM with torque of 320 Nm  at 3000 RPM, 300 HP with Turbocharged V 6 , 3.7 Liter at 6500 RPM with torque of 280 at 4000 RPM. Amazing horny sounds came when it ignites with full power. Using Aluminium block material Engines are made to reduce over weights on it.

All the models of Mustang whether it is EcoBoost , GT,  GT 350, GT 350R OR V-6 all are use six speed manual transmission. T-56 type of manual transmission is used in many vehicles as are General Motors, Dodge, Ford. They mainly used PSM (Pulse Code modulation ) for engine electronics device for make better control on it. It is the same as Standard forms of Digital audio in computers, Compact Disks, Digital audio applications.  It is simplest form of WAVEFORM CODING from analog  to digital. 

In EcoBoost and V-6 Mustang DAMB ( direct acting mechanical buckets ) are used for valve lifting mechanism. But in Other models of  GT, GT 350,  GT 350R mainly used Roller finger followers.
Fuel delivery is done by Direct injection, Sequential multi point electronic fuel injection with PSI system. Dual bright slashed cut used for the Exhaust with active valves and quad tips. 

It's interesting fact for mustang that there was no convertible type of Mustang invented. In 1977 the first mustang classic model with convertible was rolled out in market. 

Only double joint type MacPherson strut with an extra stabilizer bar is available for front 
suspension system in GT and GT 350 R. As damping system Magneride system is used.  

Ford plans for to launch next generation sync-3 system that replaces Touch part of Mustang in Premium packages.It may make more user friendly connection with driver to take more effective voice command , real view, traction OR stability control over just on a board with single click.

What do you know about Rat road Cars ?

What do u know about Rat road Cars ?
If you are passionate about classic collection of Automotive vehicle , you should know about these all things about Rat Road.
 Just Look at this Pictures..

The era of Rat road was starting earlier 1940's 50's and 1960's. It's also known as free style , Customized classic automotive, conjugated in features  but overall Awesome.
Some People called it's customization of older car to get new classi , fabulous look.

Most Of Rat Roads are look unfinished but it's the way it is complete and hot. It's own style choose antique different from else. It ma look like world's first automobile vehicle Ford's Model T , but not all are the same. 

In earlier times people use RAT ROADS to show other that how they being drive on the Roads freely with creepy and loud sound of silencer. So other people may notice the presence of the owner like Traditional wear.

At that time automobiles are not built with complete hoods, Bonet, Engine cover, bumpers OR extra features front of it. Insted of all these things are kept OPEN to visible to others.   The Original reason is quite different we could't think about that. The Paint Crome was lesser available  during  that time of years. So people used to kept hood same as the unfinished part with out painting on it. From then it became a new ERA of kept vehicles looks like this and named "RAT ROAD"  

Although remain all things are kept same as things are in other vehicle like Chassis , Interior , Paint and finishing on It, suspension and Driving kit means Drive train (Power Plant of Car).

Now a days People are used to collect all these cars as antique collection for show or personal interest. Of course it's new generation and people used hybrid , hatch back , SUVs , Sports but trend of RAT ROAD cars are and will be not down. 

for more visit us on you tube channel.

Automotive Tech
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCG3KEJGM41xrVA0KDdYblqw

  

Top Concept vehicles that make more impact on Automotive industry From Model T to Hyper cars.

The automobile industry's revolution from Ford Model T to Bugatti Vayron and also Grown up with Hyper Cars in the world. These alll are made to make achive the speed of ocean like Vroomm  with effective efficieny and human conversation with it. All new models with different kind of asspect with more effective features and more comfortable drive whether it would be seadan , hatchback, Economical, Sports OR any other all are fore here for the perticular purpose.

Trending now a days Electric Motor vehicle  called the Greeen Cars of the future are also try to step into market. The effective use of renewable sources are at the high pick. It will more comfortable for nature as well as Human Being.  Tesla is one the compney that makes all efforts to make eletric vehicles more reliable as well as available to all people.

Invention Of IC engine is revolutanary invention but now to makw whole effort to make our future pollution free that is replaced by Electric Motor which is powers by Battry.  That may keeps power to altornator.

There are tremundus of diifrent technology appliences applied on these vehicles. But in this video shows my favourite collection of automobiles with technology. Starting with Ford's Model T with Simple mechanical allighnment of cross members with no extra features besides of sitting arrengement , while compare these to current trends automobile vehicles eqquiped with touch screen navigation , Front and rear parking cameras, ABS Anti lock braking system, Fully Air bags with a/c  & heating system, Automatic pressure sensor in wheels , Automatic rain sensing device and lot more.

Even in Mercedes F0105 concept you just dont need to concentrate on road while driving OR your hands on the wheel. equipped with stunning interior with mobile connect feature that u can also ables to access your vehicle through Smart phone. Updated front panel navigation with touch screen interfarance , shows all the information including GPS and road condition. Also there are many sensers that on F105 that helps to navigate any thing that interface to it automatically whether it is object or Human.Highly illuminated LED bulbs that consumps low power helps to ake it more reliable and powerfull. It is Fully ZERO emmision future car of the world.

Audi invented new interface screen panel that shows temprature level all through vehicle , GPS system in 12.3 inch TFT display covers 1440*550 of rezolution.all are is available in Audi's new Cockpit virtual Technology.

Talk about Tesla, they made history with electric vehicles to sell all over the world. Last model of Tesla is Model 3 with awsome fluent design features , Luxary , cool interior with more entertaning features inside it. This car has 17 inch of touch screen navigation screen panel in side of driver's seat. To make all comfortable change whole over in the car it can be able to adjust by one click on panel. It make more rich content to driver with out any distraction on the road. so it means less accidents & happy life more and more.

Not ony four wheels are on pick about that point here also is a two wheeler scoother that makes much attraction with people. The strating of scooter only possible with bluetooth 4.0 connedcted with smart phone of user. makes more connectivity gives full information about battry charge level also u can give more illumination to bike's head lamps through application. Means more comfortablr and easy to handle it with more custamization.

How we can forgot the BMW's leser powered head lights. One of the gratest invention of the year goes to BMW for leser head lights. ables to make your path more illuminate upti 650 yars which is twice more than conventional headlemps of car, These are more intense to give illumination with less power consumtion. It can also stop with camera based laser beam technology, if car is shining head lamps on opposite side han camera beam laser system makes side illuminate path to an predefined angle than default. these makes more comfortable driving situation to opposite person when driving in night. so no more blinded drivers and nomore accidents. That aso ables to detact human or Aniaml on roads more than 300 feet away, that helps to prevent any accidents.

Keep with Us ....Auto Thunder.

HONDA'S NEW i-VTEC SYSTEM

Honda developed VTEC (Variable Timing and Lift Electronic Control) to improve the volumetric efficiency of a four-stroke internal combustion engine. Ikuo Kajitani, engineer at Honda was the first involved in the development of these four-valve engines. The Honda’s VTEC system uses two camshaft profiles and hydraulically selects between profiles.

As the engine moves into different rpm ranges, the engine's computer can activate alternate lobes on the camshaft and change the cam's timing. In this way, the engine gets the best features of low-speed and high-speed camshafts in the same engine.